Vetenskaplig socialism

Vetenskaplig socialism eller den vetenskapliga socialismen är termen Friedrich Engels använde för att beskriva den sociopolitiska teori som presenterades av Karl Marx.^[1] Den vetenskapliga socialismen står i kontrast till den utopiska socialismen på det sätt att dess teorier bygger på empiri, observationer är avgörande för teorins utveckling, och kan i sina teoretiska beståndsdelar falsifieras.

Metodologi redigera

Den vetenskapliga socialismens metodologi går ut på att genom analys av historisk utveckling förstå och förutsäga sociala, ekonomiska och materiella fenomen i samhället och den möjliga utvecklingen. Det står i skarp kontrast till den så kallade utopiska socialismen, vars metod är att presentera vad som uppfattas som rationella förslag på förändring och övertyga andra om rationaliteten och det önskvärda i dessa förslag. Den vetenskapliga socialismen står också i kontrast till den klassiska liberala föreställningen om naturlagar, vilka är grundade i metafysiska föreställningar gällande moral istället för analysen av föränderliga materiella och fysiska egenskaper i världen.^[2]

Se även redigera

Referenser redigera

^ Marxists.org: Frederick Engels (1880). Socialism: Utopian and Scientific. Läst: 26 mars 2012.
^ Socialism and Modern Science, by Ferri, Enrico. 1912. From "Evolution and Socialism" (P.79): "Upon what point are orthodox political economy and socialism in absolute conflict? Political economy has held and holds that the economic laws governing the production and distribution of wealth which it has established are natural laws ... not in the sense that they are laws naturally determined by the condition of the social organism (which would be correct), but that they are absolute laws, that is to say that they apply to humanity at all times and in all places, and consequently, that they are immutable in their principal points, though they may be subject to modification in details. Scientific socialism holds, on the contrary, that the laws established by classical political economy, since the time of Adam Smith, are laws peculiar to the present period in the history of civilized humanity, and that they are, consequently, laws essentially relative to the period of their analysis and discovery."

[1] Marxists.org: Frederick Engels (1880). Socialism: Utopian and Scientific. Läst: 26 mars 2012.

[2] Socialism and Modern Science, by Ferri, Enrico. 1912. From "Evolution and Socialism" (P.79): "Upon what point are orthodox political economy and socialism in absolute conflict? Political economy has held and holds that the economic laws governing the production and distribution of wealth which it has established are natural laws ... not in the sense that they are laws naturally determined by the condition of the social organism (which would be correct), but that they are absolute laws, that is to say that they apply to humanity at all times and in all places, and consequently, that they are immutable in their principal points, though they may be subject to modification in details. Scientific socialism holds, on the contrary, that the laws established by classical political economy, since the time of Adam Smith, are laws peculiar to the present period in the history of civilized humanity, and that they are, consequently, laws essentially relative to the period of their analysis and discovery."

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