Presidentens frihetsmedalj
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Presidential Medal of Freedom (svenska: Presidentens frihetsmedalj) är USA:s främsta civila utmärkelse. USA:s president delar ut den efter eget gottfinnande till personer som gett ett särskilt anmärkningsvärt bidrag till den nationella säkerheten i USA, till världsfreden eller för kulturella eller andra offentliga eller privata ansträngningar.
Medaljen inrättades av president John F. Kennedy 1963[1] och ersatte den tidigare "Frihetsmedaljen" som instiftades av Harry S. Truman 1945 för att hedra de som tjänstgjort under andra världskriget.[2]
Till skillnad från många andra amerikanska utmärkelser kan även icke-amerikaner belönas med presidentens frihetsmedalj. Den kan utdelas till samma person mer än en gång och kan även ges postumt, som till exempel till Kennedy själv.
Personer som tilldelats FrihetsmedaljenRedigera
- † – tilldelades postumt
Tilldelade av John F. KennedyRedigera
John F. Kennedy delade ut 29 medaljer under 1963.
Mottagare | År | Ref. |
---|---|---|
Marian Anderson | 1963 | [3] |
Ralph Bunche | 1963 | [4] |
Ellsworth Bunker | 1963 | [4] |
Pablo Casals | 1963 | [5] |
Genevieve Caulfield | 1963 | |
James B. Conant | 1963 | |
John Franklin Enders | 1963 | |
Felix Frankfurter | 1963 | [4] |
Robert J. H. Kiphuth | 1963 | |
Edwin H. Land | 1963 | |
Herbert H. Lehman † | 1963 | |
Robert A. Lovett | 1963 | |
J. Clifford MacDonald | 1963 | |
John J. McCloy | 1963 | |
George Meany | 1963 | [4] |
Alexander Meiklejohn | 1963 | |
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe | 1963 | [4] |
Jean Monnet | 1963 | |
Luis Muñoz Marín | 1963 | |
Clarence B. Randall | 1963 | [6] |
Rudolf Serkin | 1963 | |
Edward Steichen | 1963 | |
George W. Taylor | 1963 | |
Alan Tower Waterman | 1963 | |
Annie Dodge Wauneka | 1963 | [7] |
E. B. White | 1963 | |
Thornton Wilder | 1963 | |
Edmund Wilson | 1963 | |
Andrew Wyeth | 1963 |
Tilldelade av Lyndon B. JohnsonRedigera
Lyndon B. Johnson delade ut 47 medaljer mellan 1963 och 1969.
Tilldelade av Richard NixonRedigera
Richard Nixon delade ut 38 medaljer mellan 1969 och 1974.
Mottagare | År | Ref. |
---|---|---|
Buzz Aldrin | 1969 | |
Neil Armstrong | 1969 | [15] |
Eugene R. Black Sr. | 1969 | |
McGeorge Bundy | 1969 | |
Michael Collins | 1969 | [15] |
Michael DeBakey | 1969 | |
David Dubinsky | 1969 | |
Duke Ellington | 1969 | |
Henry Ford II | 1969 | |
W. Averell Harriman | 1969 | |
Edgar Kaiser | 1969 | |
Mary Lasker | 1969 | |
John Macy | 1969 | |
Laurance Rockefeller | 1969 | |
Walt Whitman Rostow | 1969 | |
Cyrus Vance | 1969 | |
Whitney Young | 1969 | |
Earl Charles Behrens | 1970 | [16] |
Fred Haise | 1970 | [17] |
William Henry | 1970 | [16] |
Arthur Krock | 1970 | [16] |
David Lawrence | 1970 | [16] |
G. Gould Lincoln | 1970 | [16] |
Jim Lovell | 1970 | [17] |
Mission Operations Team | 1970 | [18] |
Raymond Moley | 1970 | [16] |
Eugene Ormandy | 1970 | |
Adela Rogers St. Johns | 1970 | [16] |
Jack Swigert | 1970 | [17] |
Manlio Brosio | 1971 | |
Samuel Goldwyn | 1971 | |
William J. Hopkins | 1971 | |
John Paul Vann † | 1972 | |
DeWitt Wallace | 1972 | |
Lila Acheson Wallace | 1972 | |
John Ford | 1973 | |
William P. Rogers | 1973 | |
Charles Lowman | 1974 | [19] |
Tilldelade av Gerald FordRedigera
Gerald Ford delade ut 30 medaljer mellan 1974 och 1977.
Mottagare | År | Ref. |
---|---|---|
Paul G. Hoffman | 1974 | |
Melvin Laird | 1974 | |
David K. E. Bruce | 1976 | |
Martha Graham | 1976 | [20] |
Jesse Owens | 1976 | [21] |
Arthur Rubinstein | 1976 | [22] |
Iorwith Wilbur Abel | 1977 | |
John Bardeen | 1977 | |
Irving Berlin | 1977 | [22] |
Norman Borlaug | 1977 | |
Omar Bradley | 1977 | [22] |
Arleigh Burke | 1977 | |
Alexander Calder † | 1977 | [23] |
Bruce Catton | 1977 | |
Joe DiMaggio | 1977 | [22] |
Ariel Durant | 1977 | |
Will Durant | 1977 | [23] |
Arthur Fiedler | 1977 | [22] |
Henry Friendly | 1977 | |
Lady Bird Johnson | 1977 | [24] |
Henry Kissinger | 1977 | |
Archibald MacLeish | 1977 | [23] |
James A. Michener | 1977 | [23] |
Georgia O'Keeffe | 1977 | [25] |
Nelson Rockefeller | 1977 | [23] |
Norman Rockwell | 1977 | [23] |
Donald Rumsfeld | 1977 | |
Catherine Filene Shouse | 1977 | |
Lowell Thomas | 1977 | [23] |
James Watson | 1977 |
Tilldelade av Jimmy CarterRedigera
Jimmy Carter delade ut 30 medaljer mellan 1977 och 1981.
Mottagare | År | Ref. |
---|---|---|
Martin Luther King Jr. † | 1977 | |
Jonas Salk | 1977 | |
Arthur Goldberg | 1978 | |
Margaret Mead † | 1979 | [26] |
Ansel Adams | 1980 | [27] |
Horace M. Albright | 1980 | [28] |
Rachel Carson † | 1980 | [27] |
Lucia Chase | 1980 | [27] |
Hubert Humphrey † | 1980 | [27] |
Iakovos | 1980 | [27] |
Lyndon B. Johnson † | 1980 | [27] |
Clarence Mitchell Jr. | 1980 | [27] |
Roger Tory Peterson | 1980 | [27] |
Hyman G. Rickover | 1980 | [27] |
Beverly Sills | 1980 | [27] |
Robert Penn Warren | 1980 | [27] |
John Wayne † | 1980 | [27] |
Eudora Welty | 1980 | [27] |
Tennessee Williams | 1980 | [27] |
Roger Nash Baldwin | 1981 | [29] |
Zbigniew Brzezinski | 1981 | [29] |
Walter Cronkite | 1981 | [29] |
Kirk Douglas | 1981 | [29] |
Margaret McNamara | 1981 | [29] |
Esther Peterson | 1981 | [29] |
Gerard C. Smith | 1981 | [29] |
Robert S. Strauss | 1981 | [29] |
Elbert Tuttle | 1981 | [29] |
Earl Warren † | 1981 | [29] |
Andrew Young | 1981 | [29] |
Tilldelade av Ronald ReaganRedigera
Ronald Reagan delade ut 100 medaljer mellan 1981 och 1989.
Tilldelade av George H. W. BushRedigera
George H. W. Bush delade ut 42 medaljer mellan 1989 och 1993.
Mottagare | År | Ref. |
---|---|---|
Lucille Ball † | 1989 | |
C. Douglas Dillon | 1989 | |
Jimmy Doolittle | 1989 | |
George F. Kennan | 1989 | |
Mike Mansfield | 1989 | |
Claude Pepper | 1989 | |
George Shultz | 1989 | |
Margaret Chase Smith | 1989 | |
Lech Wałęsa | 1989 | |
Walker Hancock | 1990 | [37] |
James Baker | 1991 | |
William F. Buckley Jr. | 1991 | |
Dick Cheney | 1991 | [38] |
Luis A. Ferré | 1991 | |
Betty Ford | 1991 | [39] |
Hanna Holborn Gray | 1991 | |
Friedrich Hayek | 1991 | |
Tip O'Neill | 1991 | |
Colin Powell | 1991 | |
Javier Pérez de Cuéllar | 1991 | |
Norman Schwarzkopf Jr. | 1991 | |
Brent Scowcroft | 1991 | |
Leon Sullivan | 1991 | |
Margaret Thatcher | 1991 | |
Russell E. Train | 1991 | |
Vernon A. Walters | 1991 | |
William Webster | 1991 | |
Ted Williams | 1991 | |
David Brinkley | 1992 | |
Johnny Carson | 1992 | |
Ella Fitzgerald | 1992 | |
Audrey Hepburn | 1992 | |
Richard Petty | 1992 | |
Harry W. Shlaudeman | 1992 | |
Isaac Stern | 1992 | |
John W. Vessey | 1992 | |
Sam Walton | 1992 | |
Elie Wiesel | 1992 | |
I. M. Pei | 1993 | [40] |
Ronald Reagan | 1993 | [41] |
Strom Thurmond | 1993 |
Tilldelade av Bill ClintonRedigera
Bill Clinton delade ut 110 medaljer mellan 1993 och 2001.
Tilldelade av George W. BushRedigera
George W. Bush delade ut 85 medaljer mellan 2001 och 2009.
Tilldelade av Barack ObamaRedigera
Barack Obama delade ut 118 medaljer mellan 2009 och 2017.
Tilldelade av Donald TrumpRedigera
Donald Trump har delat ut 23 medaljer sedan 2017.
Mottagare | År | Ref. |
---|---|---|
Miriam Adelson | 2018 | [69] |
Orrin Hatch | 2018 | [69] |
Alan Page | 2018 | [69] |
Elvis Presley † | 2018 | [69] |
Babe Ruth † | 2018 | [69] |
Antonin Scalia † | 2018 | [69] |
Roger Staubach | 2018 | [69] |
Bob Cousy | 2019 | [70] |
Arthur Laffer | 2019 | [71] |
Edwin Meese | 2019 | [72] |
Roger Penske | 2019 | [73] |
Mariano Rivera | 2019 | [74] |
Jerry West | 2019 | [75] |
Tiger Woods | 2019 | [76] |
Dan Gable | 2020 | [77] |
Lou Holtz | 2020 | [78] |
Jack Keane | 2020 | [79] |
Rush Limbaugh | 2020 | [80] |
Jim Ryun | 2020 | [81] |
Babe Didrikson Zaharias † | 2021 | [82] |
Devin Nunes | 2021 | [83] |
Gary Player | 2021 | [82] |
Annika Sörenstam[a] | 2021 | [82] |
NoteringarRedigera
- ^ Annika Sörenstam är hittills den enda svensken som tilldelats medaljen.
ReferenserRedigera
NoterRedigera
- ^ ”President Kennedy's Executive Order 11085: Presidential Medal of Freedom” (på engelska). John F. Kennedy Presidential Library & Museum. 22 februari 1963. https://www.jfklibrary.org/Research/Research-Aids/Ready-Reference/JFK-Fast-Facts/Presidential-Medal-of-Freedom.aspx. Läst 13 september 2017.
- ^ ”Executive Order 9586—The Medal of Freedom” (på engelska). The American Presidency Project. University of California. http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=59291. Läst 13 september 2017.
- ^ The National First Ladies Library (November 16, 2010) (på engelska). Heroes of the Presidential Medal of Freedom. Canton Ohio. Sid. 3. http://www.firstladies.org/documents/Medal_freedom.pdf. Läst 11 februari 2011. ”Marian Anderson (1897–1993)...Presidential Medal of Freedom received December 6, 1963”
- ^ [a b c d e] Woolley, John T; Peters, Gerhard. ”Remarks With Under Secretary of State George W. Ball at the Presentation of the Medal of Freedom Awards, December 6, 1963” (på engelska). The American Presidency Project. University of California, Santa Barbara. https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/node/239293.
- ^ ”Distinguished Cellists in the White House” (på engelska). WHHA (en-US). https://www.whitehousehistory.org/distinguished-cellists-in-the-white-house.
- ^ ”Clarence B. Randall, 76, Dies” (på engelska). Chicago Tribune. August 6, 1967. http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1967/08/06/page/3/article/clarence-b-randall-76-dies.
- ^ The National First Ladies Library (November 16, 2010) (på engelska). Heroes of the Presidential Medal of Freedom. Canton Ohio. Sid. 3. http://www.firstladies.org/documents/Medal_freedom.pdf. Läst 11 februari 2011. ”Annie Wauneka (1910–1997)...Presidential Medal of Freedom received December 6, 1963”
- ^ [a b c d] Woolley, John T. ”Remarks With Under Secretary of State George W. Ball at the Presentation of the Medal of Freedom Awards, December 6, 1963” (på engelska). The American Presidency Project. University of California, Santa Barbara. https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/node/239293.
- ^ ”Presidential Medal of Freedom – John F. Kennedy Presidential Library & Museum” (på engelska). Presidential Medal of Freedom – John F. Kennedy Presidential Library & Museum. Jfklibrary.org. December 6, 1963. http://www.jfklibrary.org/Historical+Resources/Archives/Referens+Desk/Presidential+Medal+of+Freedom.htm.
- ^ [a b c] Woolley, John T. ”Lyndon B. Johnson, XXXVI President of the United States: 1963–1969, Remarks at the Presentation of the 1964 Presidential Medal of Freedom Awards, March 26, 1964” (på engelska). The American Presidency Project. University of California, Santa Barbara. http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=26496&st=Lynn+Fontainne&st1=#axzz1N7flz5Ld.
- ^ ”30 Receive Freedom Medal at the White House” (på engelska). https://www.nytimes.com/books/98/08/30/specials/keller-medal.html.
- ^ ”Presidential Medal of Freedom, 1968, James Webb” (på engelska). Presidential Medal of Freedom, 1968, James Webb. March 14, 2016. https://airandspace.si.edu/collection-objects/presidential-medal-freedom-1968-james-webb.
- ^ ”Public Service – Bob Hope and American Variety | Exhibitions (Library of Congress)” (på engelska). www.loc.gov. 2000-05-10. https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/bobhope/pubserv.html.
- ^ [a b] Judy Muhlberg (June 14, 1976). ”Medal of Freedom” (på engelska). Medal of Freedom. Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library & Museum. 43. https://www.fordlibrarymuseum.gov/library/document/0067/7773889.pdf.
- ^ [a b] ”Richard Nixon: Remarks at a Dinner in Los Angeles Honoring the Apollo 11 Astronauts” (på engelska). Richard Nixon: Remarks at a Dinner in Los Angeles Honoring the Apollo 11 Astronauts. The American Presidency Project. August 13, 1969. https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/remarks-dinner-los-angeles-honoring-the-apollo-11-astronauts.
- ^ [a b c d e f g] Nixon, Richard (April 22, 1970). ”Remarks on Presenting the Presidential Medal of Freedom to Eight Journalists” (på engelska). Remarks on Presenting the Presidential Medal of Freedom to Eight Journalists. Online by Gerhard Peters and John T. Woolley, The American Presidency Project. http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=2482.
- ^ [a b c] ”3 Astronauts get Heroes' Welcome to Hawaii” (på engelska). The Philadelphia Enquirer. Associated Press: s. 14. April 19, 1970. https://www.newspapers.com/clip/33112752/the_philadelphia_inquirer/.
- ^ Nixon, Richard (April 18, 1970) (på engelska). Remarks on Presenting the Presidential Medal of Freedom to Apollo 13 Mission Operations Team in Houston.. Manned Spacecraft Center, Houston, Texas: The American Presidency Project. Arkiverad från originalet. https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/remarks-presenting-the-presidential-medal-freedom-apollo-13-mission-operations-team.
- ^ M, Nixon, Richard (1975-01-01) (på engelska). Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: Richard M. Nixon, 1974. Best Books on. ISBN 978-1-62376-923-9. https://books.google.com/books?id=ocHcAwAAQBAJ&q=%22Charles+LeRoy+Lowman%22+medal+of+freedom&pg=PA615.
- ^ Woolley, John T. ”Gerald R. Ford, XXXVIII President of the United States: 1974–1977, Remarks Upon Presenting the Presidential Medal of Freedom to Martha Graham, October 14, 1976” (på engelska). The American Presidency Project. University of California, Santa Barbara. http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=6466&st=&st1=.
- ^ Koren, Marina (September 29, 2016). ”White House Finally Honors the African-American Athletes of the 1936 Olympics” (på engelska). White House Finally Honors the African-American Athletes of the 1936 Olympics. https://www.theatlantic.com/news/archive/2016/09/white-house-olympics-berlin/502325/.
- ^ [a b c d e f g h i j] Nordlinger, Jay (2007-12-17). ”Medals of Freedom” (på engelska). Medals of Freedom. National Review. http://www.nationalreview.com/article/443562/medals-freedom.
- ^ [a b c d e f g] Wolley, John T. (January 10, 1977). ”Gerald R. Ford, 38th President of the United States: 1974 ‐ 1977, Remarks Upon Presenting the Presidential Medal of Freedom” (på engelska). The American Presidency Project. www.presidency.ucsb.edu. https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/remarks-upon-presenting-the-presidential-medal-freedom.
- ^ ”Lady Bird Johnson Biography” (på engelska). Lady Bird Johnson Biography. Lbjlib.utexas.edu. http://www.lbjlib.utexas.edu/johnson/archives.hom/biographys.hom/ladybird_bio.asp.
- ^ The National First Ladies Library (November 16, 2010) (på engelska). Heroes of the Presidential Medal of Freedom. Canton Ohio. Sid. 3. http://www.firstladies.org/documents/Medal_freedom.pdf. Läst 11 februari 2011. ”Georgia O'Keeffe (1887–1986)...Presidential Medal of Freedom received January 10, 1977”
- ^ The National First Ladies Library (November 16, 2010) (på engelska). Heroes of the Presidential Medal of Freedom. Canton Ohio. Sid. 3. http://www.firstladies.org/documents/Medal_freedom.pdf. Läst 11 februari 2011. ”Dr. Margaret Mead (1901–1978)...Presidential Medal of Freedom received January 19, 1979”
- ^ [a b c d e f g h i j k l m n] Wolley, John T. (June 9, 1980). ”Jimmy Carter, XXXIX President of the United States: 1977–1981, Presidential Medal of Freedom Remarks at the Presentation Ceremony, June 9, 1980” (på engelska). The American Presidency Project. www.presidency.ucsb.edu. https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/node/251767.
- ^ ”About Horace M. Albright” (på engelska). UC Berkeley Rausser College of Natural Resources. https://nature.berkeley.edu/albright/lecture-archive.
- ^ [a b c d e f g h i j k] Wolley, John T. (January 16, 1981). ”Jimmy Carter: Presidential Medal of Freedom Remarks at the Presentation Ceremony, January 16, 1981.” (på engelska). The American Presidency Project. www.presidency.ucsb.edu. https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/node/250755.
- ^ ”Ronald Reagan: Remarks at the Presentation Ceremony for the Presidential Medal of Freedom” (på engelska). www.presidency.ucsb.edu. http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=40963.
- ^ ”Frank Gehry and Maya Lin Awarded Obama's Presidential Medal of Freedom” (på engelska). ArchDaily. 2016-11-17. https://www.archdaily.com/799643/frank-gehry-and-maya-lin-awarded-obamas-presidential-medal-of-freedom.
- ^ [a b c d e f g h i j] Woolley, John T. ”Ronald Reagan, XL President of the United States: 1981–1989, Remarks at the Presentation Ceremony for the Presidential Medal of Freedom, March 26, 1984” (på engelska). The American Presidency Project. University of California, Santa Barbara. http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=39687&st=&st1=.
- ^ ”White House Freedom Medal Set for Whittaker Chambers” (på engelska). New York Times. February 22, 1984. http://www3.nytimes.com/books/97/03/09/reviews/chambers-medal.html.
- ^ Sterling, Dorothy (March 9, 1984). ”Whittaker Chambers: Odd Choice for the Medal of Freedom” (på engelska). New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/books/97/03/09/reviews/chambers-letter.html.
- ^ ”Archived copy” (på engelska). Archived copy. http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1984/22184b.htm.
- ^ Woolley, John T. ”Ronald Reagan, XL President of the United States: 1981–1989, Remarks at the Presentation Ceremony for the Presidential Medal of Freedom, March 26, 1984” (på engelska). The American Presidency Project. University of California, Santa Barbara. http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=39687&st=&st1=.
- ^ ”Capt. Walker Kirtland Hancock ( 1901–1998 )” (på engelska). Monuments Men Foundation for the Preservation of Art. https://www.monumentsmenfoundation.org/the-heroes/the-monuments-men/hancock-capt.-walker-k..
- ^ Woolley, John T. ”George Bush, XLI President of the United States: 1989–1993, Remarks at the Presentation Ceremony for the Presidential Medals of Freedom and Presidential Citizen's Medals, July 3, 1991” (på engelska). The American Presidency Project. University of California, Santa Barbara. http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=29655.
- ^ The National First Ladies Library (November 16, 2010) (på engelska). Heroes of the Presidential Medal of Freedom. Canton Ohio. Sid. 3. http://www.firstladies.org/documents/Medal_freedom.pdf. Läst 11 februari 2011. ”Betty Ford (1918 – )...Presidential Medal of Freedom received November 18, 1991”
- ^ ”Curriculum Vitae of I. M. Pei” (på engelska). Pei Cobb Freed & Partners. http://www.pcfandp.com/a/f/fme/imp/c/c.html.
- ^ ”Remarks on presenting the Presidential Medal of Freedom to President Ronald Reagan-President George Bush-Transcript” (på engelska). Remarks on presenting the Presidential Medal of Freedom to President Ronald Reagan-President George Bush-Transcript. The White House: Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents. January 18, 1993. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2889/is_n2_v29/ai_13975210.
- ^ Clinton, W. J. (September 30, 1993). ”Remarks on the Retirement of General Colin Powell in Arlington, Virginia” (på engelska). Remarks on the Retirement of General Colin Powell in Arlington, Virginia. University of California, Santa Barbara: The American Presidency Project. http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=47138.
- ^ [a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v] Secretary of the Senate, United States Congress. ”Presidential Medal of Freedom Mottagares” (på engelska). Official Website of the United States Senate. United States Senate (Government of the United States). https://www.senate.gov/pagelayout/Referens/two_column_table/Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom_Mottagares.htm.
- ^ The National First Ladies Library (November 16, 2010) (på engelska). Heroes of the Presidential Medal of Freedom. Canton Ohio. Sid. 3. http://www.firstladies.org/documents/Medal_freedom.pdf. Läst 11 februari 2011. ”Chief,Wilma Mankiller (1945–2010)...Presidential Medal of Freedom received January 15, 1998”
- ^ The National First Ladies Library (November 16, 2010) (på engelska). Heroes of the Presidential Medal of Freedom. Canton Ohio. Sid. 3. http://www.firstladies.org/documents/Medal_freedom.pdf. Läst 11 februari 2011. ”Marian Wright Edelman (1939 – )...Presidential Medal of Freedom received August 9, 2000”
- ^ McFeatters, Ann (July 10, 2002). ”Fred Rogers gets Presidential Medal of Freedom” (på engelska). Pittsburgh Post-Gazette (www.post-gazette.com). http://www.post-gazette.com/ae/20020710fredrogersp1.asp.
- ^ ”President Honors 2003 Presidential Medal of Freedom Mottagares” (på engelska). President Honors 2003 Presidential Medal of Freedom Mottagares. https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2003/07/20030723-9.html.
- ^ Vargas, Jose Antonio (November 10, 2005). ”At the White House, Prizes for 14 Champs,Medal of Freedom Ceremony Shows Ali as Fast as Ever” (på engelska). The Washington Post (washingtonpost.com). https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/11/09/AR2005110901738.html.
- ^ ”Net pioneers receive top honour” (på engelska). BBC News (www.bbc.com). November 10, 2005. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/4415326.stm.
- ^ [a b c d e f g h i j] ”President Bush Honors Medal of Freedom Mottagares” (på engelska). georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov. https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2006/12/20061215-1.html.
- ^ [a b c d e f] ”President Bush Honors Presidential Medal of Freedom Mottagares” (på engelska). georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov. https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2008/06/20080619-9.html.
- ^ Mayer, Catherine (January 13, 2009). ”A Presidential Medal for Tony Blair” (på engelska). Time (www.time.com). http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1871300,00.html.
- ^ ”President Bush Commemorates Foreign Policy Achievements and Presents Medal of Freedom to Ambassador Ryan Crocker” (på engelska). President Bush Commemorates Foreign Policy Achievements and Presents Medal of Freedom to Ambassador Ryan Crocker. White House. January 15, 2009. https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2009/01/20090115.html.
- ^ ”The Presidential Medal of Freedom” (på engelska). The White House. https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/node/349666.
- ^ [a b c d e f g h i j k l] ”President Obama Names Medal of Freedom Mottagares; 16 Agents of Change to Receive Top Civilian Honor” (på engelska). President Obama Names Medal of Freedom Mottagares; 16 Agents of Change to Receive Top Civilian Honor. White House. July 30, 2009. http://www.whitehouse.gov/the_press_office/President-Obama-Names-Medal-of-Freedom-Mottagares/.
- ^ The National First Ladies Library (November 16, 2010) (på engelska). Heroes of the Presidential Medal of Freedom. Canton Ohio. Sid. 3. http://www.firstladies.org/documents/Medal_freedom.pdf. Läst 11 februari 2011. ”Justice Sandra Day O'Connor (1930 – )...Presidential Medal of Freedom received August 12, 2009”
- ^ [a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o] ”President Obama Names Presidential Medal of Freedom Mottagares” (på engelska). whitehouse.gov. The White House. November 17, 2010. http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2010/11/17/president-obama-names-presidential-medal-freedom-Mottagares.
- ^ [a b c d e f g h i j k l m] ”Albright, World War II hero among 13 to receive Presidential Medal of Freedom” (på engelska). CNN. http://www.cnn.com/2012/05/29/us/medal-of-freedom/index.html.
- ^ ”Banks receives Medal of Freedom | 11/20/2013” (på engelska). MLB.com. https://www.mlb.com/video/banks-receives-medal-of-freedom/c-31232769.
- ^ [a b c d e f g h i j k l m n] ”President Obama Names Presidential Medal of Freedom Mottagares” (på engelska). President Obama Names Presidential Medal of Freedom Mottagares. Office of the Press Secretary, The White House. August 8, 2013. http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2013/08/08/president-obama-names-presidential-medal-freedom-Mottagares.
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