Wikipedia

Presidentens frihetsmedalj

USA:s främsta civila utmärkelse
Artikel Diskussion
Uppslagsordet ”Frihetsmedaljen” leder hit. För den danska utmärkelsen, se Konung Christian X:s Frihetsmedalj. För den finska utmärkelsen, se Frihetskorsets orden.

Presidential Medal of Freedom (svenska: Presidentens frihetsmedalj) är USA:s främsta civila utmärkelse. USA:s president delar ut den efter eget gottfinnande till personer som gett ett särskilt anmärkningsvärt bidrag till den nationella säkerheten i USA, till världsfreden eller för kulturella eller andra offentliga eller privata ansträngningar. Medaljutdelningen brukar ske i Vita huset, antingen (beroende på väder och årstid) inomhus i östra rummet eller utomhus i rosenträdgården.

Presidentens frihetsmedalj
Presidential Medal of Freedom
Frihetsmedaljen och dess insignier, inklusive släpspänne
Frihetsmedaljen och dess insignier, inklusive släpspänne
BeskrivningUSA:s högsta civila utmärkelse
NationUSA USA
UtdelareUSA:s president
Instiftad1963
Antal utdelade647
Certifikat för Frihetsmedaljen till Devin Nunes innan underskrift av president Donald Trump, 4 januari 2021.

Medaljen inrättades av president John F. Kennedy 1963 genom att utfärda Executive Order 11085[1] och ersatte den tidigare "Frihetsmedaljen" som instiftades av Harry S. Truman 1945 för att hedra dem som tjänstgjort under andra världskriget.[2]

Till skillnad från många andra amerikanska utmärkelser kan även icke-amerikaner belönas med presidentens frihetsmedalj. Den kan utdelas till samma person mer än en gång och kan även ges postumt, som till exempel till John F. Kennedy efter mordet.

Enligt Executive Order 11085 utfärdas frihetsmedaljen i två grader, varav den högre benämns med tillägget with Distinction.[3] Enbart 26 personer har tilldelats den högre graden.[3]

  • Presidential Medal of Freedom with Distinction
  • Presidential Medal of Freedom

Personer som tilldelats Frihetsmedaljen Redigera

  • † – utdelades postumt

Utdelade av John F. Kennedy Redigera

John F. Kennedy delade ut 29 medaljer under 1963.

Mottagare År Notering Ref.
Anderson, MarianMarian Anderson 1963 [4]
Bunche, RalphRalph Bunche 1963 Presidential Medal of Freedom with Distinction [5][3]
Bunker, EllsworthEllsworth Bunker 1963 [5]
Casals, PabloPablo Casals 1963 [6]
Caulfield, GenevieveGenevieve Caulfield 1963
Conant, James B.James B. Conant 1963 Presidential Medal of Freedom with Distinction [3]
Enders, John FranklinJohn Franklin Enders 1963
Frankfurter, FelixFelix Frankfurter 1963 [5]
Kiphuth, Robert J. H.Robert J. H. Kiphuth 1963
Land, Edwin H.Edwin H. Land 1963
Lehman, Herbert H.Herbert H. Lehman † 1963
Lovett, Robert A.Robert A. Lovett 1963 Presidential Medal of Freedom with Distinction [3]
MacDonald, J. CliffordJ. Clifford MacDonald 1963
McCloy, John J.John J. McCloy 1963 Presidential Medal of Freedom with Distinction [3]
Meany, GeorgeGeorge Meany 1963 [5]
Meiklejohn, AlexanderAlexander Meiklejohn 1963
Mies van der Rohe, LudwigLudwig Mies van der Rohe 1963 [5]
Monnet, JeanJean Monnet 1963 Presidential Medal of Freedom with Distinction [3]
Muñoz Marín, LuisLuis Muñoz Marín 1963 Presidential Medal of Freedom with Distinction [3]
Randall, Clarence B.Clarence B. Randall 1963 [7]
Serkin, RudolfRudolf Serkin 1963
Steichen, EdwardEdward Steichen 1963
Taylor, George W.George W. Taylor 1963
Waterman, Alan TowerAlan Tower Waterman 1963
Wauneka, Annie DodgeAnnie Dodge Wauneka 1963 [8]
White, E. B.E. B. White 1963
Wilder, ThorntonThornton Wilder 1963
Wilson, EdmundEdmund Wilson 1963
Wyeth, AndrewAndrew Wyeth 1963

Utdelade av Lyndon B. Johnson Redigera

 
A. Philip Randolph erhåller medaljen från Lyndon B. Johnson, 13 september 1964.

Lyndon B. Johnson delade ut 47 medaljer mellan 1963 och 1969.

Mottagare År Notering Ref.
Bunker, EllsworthEllsworth Bunker 1963 [5]
Holton, KarlKarl Holton 1963 [5]
Johannes XXIII, Johannes XXIII † 1963 [5]
Kennedy, John F.John F. Kennedy † 1963 [1]
Watson, Mark S.Mark S. Watson 1963 [5]
Acheson, DeanDean Acheson 1964 Presidential Medal of Freedom with Distinction [3]
Bronk, DetlevDetlev Bronk 1964
Copland, AaronAaron Copland 1964
Disney, WaltWalt Disney 1964 [9]
Dobie, J. FrankJ. Frank Dobie 1964
Edwards, Lena FrancesLena Frances Edwards 1964
Eliot, T. S.T. S. Eliot 1964
Fontanne, LynnLynn Fontanne 1964 [9]
Gardner, John W.John W. Gardner 1964
Hesburgh, TheodoreTheodore Hesburgh 1964
Johnson, ClarenceClarence Johnson 1964
Kappel, FrederickFrederick Kappel 1964
Keller, HelenHelen Keller 1964
Lewis, John L.John L. Lewis 1964
Lippmann, WalterWalter Lippmann 1964
Lunt, AlfredAlfred Lunt 1964 [9]
McGill, RalphRalph McGill 1964
Morison, Samuel EliotSamuel Eliot Morison 1964
Mumford, LewisLewis Mumford 1964
Murrow, Edward R.Edward R. Murrow 1964 Presidential Medal of Freedom with Distinction [3]
Niebuhr, ReinholdReinhold Niebuhr 1964
Price, LeontyneLeontyne Price 1964
Randolph, A. PhilipA. Philip Randolph 1964
Sandburg, CarlCarl Sandburg 1964
Steinbeck, JohnJohn Steinbeck 1964
Taussig, Helen B.Helen B. Taussig 1964
Vinson, CarlCarl Vinson 1964 Presidential Medal of Freedom with Distinction [3]
Watson Jr., ThomasThomas Watson Jr. 1964
White, Paul DudleyPaul Dudley White 1964
de Kooning, WillemWillem de Kooning 1964 [10]
Komer, RobertRobert Komer 1967
Locke, Eugene M.Eugene M. Locke 1967
McNamara, RobertRobert McNamara 1968
Webb, James E.James E. Webb 1968 [11]
Clifford, ClarkClark Clifford 1969 Presidential Medal of Freedom with Distinction [3]
Ellison, RalphRalph Ellison 1969
Hope, BobBob Hope 1969 [12]
Peck, GregoryGregory Peck 1969
Rusk, DeanDean Rusk 1969 Presidential Medal of Freedom with Distinction [3]
Smith, MerrimanMerriman Smith 1969 [13]
White, William S.William S. White 1969
Wilkins, RoyRoy Wilkins 1969 [13]

Utdelade av Richard Nixon Redigera

 
Duke Ellington erhöll frihetsmedaljen från Richard Nixon, 29 april 1969.
 
Astronauterna i Apollo 13 erhöll varsin frihetsmedalj från president Nixon, 17 april 1970.

Richard Nixon delade ut 38 medaljer mellan 1969 och 1974.

Mottagare År Notering Ref.
Aldrin, BuzzBuzz Aldrin 1969 Presidential Medal of Freedom with Distinction [3]
Armstrong, NeilNeil Armstrong 1969 Presidential Medal of Freedom with Distinction [14][3]
Black Sr., Eugene R.Eugene R. Black Sr. 1969
Bundy, McGeorgeMcGeorge Bundy 1969
Collins, MichaelMichael Collins 1969 Presidential Medal of Freedom with Distinction [14][3]
DeBakey, MichaelMichael DeBakey 1969
Dubinsky, DavidDavid Dubinsky 1969
Ellington, DukeDuke Ellington 1969
Ford II, HenryHenry Ford II 1969
Harriman, W. AverellW. Averell Harriman 1969 Presidential Medal of Freedom with Distinction [3]
Kaiser, EdgarEdgar Kaiser 1969
Lasker, MaryMary Lasker 1969
Macy, JohnJohn Macy 1969
Rockefeller, LauranceLaurance Rockefeller 1969
Rostow, Walt WhitmanWalt Whitman Rostow 1969
Vance, CyrusCyrus Vance 1969
Young, WhitneyWhitney Young 1969
Behrens, Earl CharlesEarl Charles Behrens 1970 [15]
Haise, FredFred Haise 1970 [16]
Henry, WilliamWilliam Henry 1970 [15]
Krock, ArthurArthur Krock 1970 [15]
Lawrence, DavidDavid Lawrence 1970 [15]
Lincoln, G. GouldG. Gould Lincoln 1970 [15]
Lovell, JimJim Lovell 1970 [16]
Mission Operations Team 1970 [17]
Moley, RaymondRaymond Moley 1970 [15]
Ormandy, EugeneEugene Ormandy 1970
St. Johns, Adela RogersAdela Rogers St. Johns 1970 [15]
Swigert, JackJack Swigert 1970 [16]
Brosio, ManlioManlio Brosio 1971
Goldwyn, SamuelSamuel Goldwyn 1971
Hopkins, William J.William J. Hopkins 1971
Vann, John PaulJohn Paul Vann † 1972
Wallace, DeWittDeWitt Wallace 1972
Wallace, Lila AchesonLila Acheson Wallace 1972
Ford, JohnJohn Ford 1973
Rogers, William P.William P. Rogers 1973
Lowman, CharlesCharles Lowman 1974 [18]

Utdelade av Gerald Ford Redigera

 
Pianisten Arthur Rubinstein erhöll frihetsmedaljen från Gerald Ford, 31 mars 1976.
 
USA:s försvarsminister Donald Rumsfeld visar 2004 upp det etui med frihetsmedaljen som han tilldelades av president Gerald Ford 1977.

Gerald Ford delade ut 30 medaljer mellan 1974 och 1977.

Mottagare År Notering Ref.
Hoffman, Paul G.Paul G. Hoffman 1974
Laird, MelvinMelvin Laird 1974
Bruce, David K. E.David K. E. Bruce 1976 Presidential Medal of Freedom with Distinction [3]
Graham, MarthaMartha Graham 1976 Presidential Medal of Freedom with Distinction [19][3]
Owens, JesseJesse Owens 1976 [20]
Rubinstein, ArthurArthur Rubinstein 1976 Presidential Medal of Freedom with Distinction [21][3]
Abel, Iorwith WilburIorwith Wilbur Abel 1977
Bardeen, JohnJohn Bardeen 1977
Berlin, IrvingIrving Berlin 1977 [21]
Borlaug, NormanNorman Borlaug 1977
Bradley, OmarOmar Bradley 1977 [21]
Burke, ArleighArleigh Burke 1977
Calder, AlexanderAlexander Calder † 1977 [19]
Catton, BruceBruce Catton 1977
DiMaggio, JoeJoe DiMaggio 1977 [21]
Durant, ArielAriel Durant 1977
Durant, WillWill Durant 1977 [19]
Fiedler, ArthurArthur Fiedler 1977 [21]
Friendly, HenryHenry Friendly 1977
Johnson, Lady BirdLady Bird Johnson 1977 [22]
Kissinger, HenryHenry Kissinger 1977
MacLeish, ArchibaldArchibald MacLeish 1977 [19]
Michener, James A.James A. Michener 1977 [19]
O'Keeffe, GeorgiaGeorgia O'Keeffe 1977 [23]
Rockefeller, NelsonNelson Rockefeller 1977 [19]
Rockwell, NormanNorman Rockwell 1977 [19]
Rumsfeld, DonaldDonald Rumsfeld 1977 Presidential Medal of Freedom with Distinction [3]
Shouse, Catherine FileneCatherine Filene Shouse 1977
Thomas, LowellLowell Thomas 1977 [19]
Watson, JamesJames Watson 1977

Utdelade av Jimmy Carter Redigera

 
President Jimmy Carter tilldelade fotografen och författarinnan Eudora Welty frihetsmedalje, 6 juni 1980.

Jimmy Carter delade ut 30 medaljer mellan 1977 och 1981.

Mottagare År Notering Ref.
King Jr., Martin LutherMartin Luther King Jr. † 1977
Salk, JonasJonas Salk 1977
Goldberg, ArthurArthur Goldberg 1978
Mead, MargaretMargaret Mead † 1979 [24]
Adams, AnselAnsel Adams 1980 [25]
Albright, Horace M.Horace M. Albright 1980 [26]
Carson, RachelRachel Carson † 1980 [25]
Chase, LuciaLucia Chase 1980 [25]
Humphrey, HubertHubert Humphrey † 1980 [25]
Iakovos, Iakovos 1980 [25]
Johnson, Lyndon B.Lyndon B. Johnson † 1980 [25]
Mitchell Jr., ClarenceClarence Mitchell Jr. 1980 [25]
Peterson, Roger ToryRoger Tory Peterson 1980 [25]
Rickover, Hyman G.Hyman G. Rickover 1980 [25]
Sills, BeverlyBeverly Sills 1980 [25]
Warren, Robert PennRobert Penn Warren 1980 [25]
Wayne, JohnJohn Wayne † 1980 [25]
Welty, EudoraEudora Welty 1980 [25]
Williams, TennesseeTennessee Williams 1980 [25]
Baldwin, Roger NashRoger Nash Baldwin 1981 [27]
Brzezinski, ZbigniewZbigniew Brzezinski 1981 [27]
Cronkite, WalterWalter Cronkite 1981 [27]
Douglas, KirkKirk Douglas 1981 [27]
McNamara, MargaretMargaret McNamara 1981 [27]
Peterson, EstherEsther Peterson 1981 [27]
Smith, Gerard C.Gerard C. Smith 1981 [27]
Strauss, Robert S.Robert S. Strauss 1981 [27]
Tuttle, ElbertElbert Tuttle 1981 [27]
Warren, EarlEarl Warren † 1981 [27]
Young, AndrewAndrew Young 1981 [27]

Utdelade av Ronald Reagan Redigera

 
Jimmy Stewart tilldelades frihetsmedaljen av president Ronald Reagan, 23 maj 1985.
 
Moder Teresa tilldelas Frihetsmedaljen av president Reagan, 20 juni 1985.
 
Pianisten Vladimir Horowitz, 28 juli 1986.
 
USA:s utrikesminister George Shultz, 19 januari 1989.

Ronald Reagan delade ut 100 medaljer mellan 1981 och 1989.

Mottagare År Notering Ref.
Blake, EubieEubie Blake 1981
Brown, HaroldHarold Brown 1981
Christopher, WarrenWarren Christopher 1981
Grasso, EllaElla Grasso † 1981
Harlow, BryceBryce Harlow 1981
Judd, WalterWalter Judd 1981
Leibman, Morris I.Morris I. Leibman 1981
Menninger, KarlKarl Menninger 1981
Muskie, EdmundEdmund Muskie 1981
Thornton, TexTex Thornton 1981
Habib, PhilipPhilip Habib 1982
Hoffer, EricEric Hoffer 1982
Smith, KateKate Smith 1982
Balanchine, GeorgeGeorge Balanchine 1983 [28]
Boothe Luce, ClareClare Boothe Luce 1983 [21]
Bryant, BearBear Bryant † 1983
Burnham, JamesJames Burnham 1983 [21]
Cheek, James E.James E. Cheek 1983
Fuller, BuckminsterBuckminster Fuller 1983 [29]
Graham, BillyBilly Graham 1983
Javits, JacobJacob Javits 1983 [21]
Malone, DumasDumas Malone 1983
Mercer, MabelMabel Mercer 1983
Ramo, SimonSimon Ramo 1983
Baker, HowardHoward Baker 1984 [30]
Cagney, JamesJames Cagney 1984 [30]
Chambers, WhittakerWhittaker Chambers † 1984 [31][32]
Cherne, LeoLeo Cherne 1984 [21]
Cooke, TerenceTerence Cooke † 1984
Cooley, DentonDenton Cooley 1984 [30]
Ford, Tennessee ErnieTennessee Ernie Ford 1984 [30]
Garcia, HectorHector Garcia 1984 [30]
Goodpaster, AndrewAndrew Goodpaster 1984 [33]
Jackson, Henry M.Henry M. Jackson † 1984
Kirstein, LincolnLincoln Kirstein 1984 [30]
L'Amour, LouisLouis L'Amour 1984 [30]
Luns, JosephJoseph Luns 1984
Peale, Norman VincentNorman Vincent Peale 1984 [30]
Robinson, JackieJackie Robinson † 1984 [30]
Romulo, Carlos P.Carlos P. Romulo 1984
Shriver, Eunice KennedyEunice Kennedy Shriver 1984 [30]
el-Sadat, AnwarAnwar el-Sadat † 1984 [34]
Basie, CountCount Basie † 1985
Coady Wedemeyer, AlbertAlbert Coady Wedemeyer 1985
Cousteau, JacquesJacques Cousteau 1985
Holland, Jerome H.Jerome H. Holland † 1985
Hook, SidneySidney Hook 1985 [21]
Kirkpatrick, JeaneJeane Kirkpatrick 1985
Low, GeorgeGeorge Low † 1985
Nitze, PaulPaul Nitze 1985
Reynolds, FrankFrank Reynolds † 1985
Sinatra, FrankFrank Sinatra 1985
Stewart, JamesJames Stewart 1985
Teresa, ModerModer Teresa 1985
Trippe, JuanJuan Trippe † 1985
Wohlstetter, AlbertAlbert Wohlstetter 1985
Wohlstetter, RobertaRoberta Wohlstetter 1985
Yeager, ChuckChuck Yeager 1985
Annenberg, WalterWalter Annenberg 1986
Blaik, EarlEarl Blaik 1986
Goldwater, BarryBarry Goldwater 1986
Hayes, HelenHelen Hayes 1986
Horowitz, VladimirVladimir Horowitz 1986
Ridgway, MatthewMatthew Ridgway 1986
Rochefort, JosephJoseph Rochefort † 1986
Royster, Vermont C.Vermont C. Royster 1986
Sabin, AlbertAlbert Sabin 1986
Wang, AnAn Wang 1986
Armstrong, AnneAnne Armstrong 1987
Dart Sr., Justin WhitlockJustin Whitlock Dart Sr. † 1987
Kaufman, IrvingIrving Kaufman 1987
Kaye, DannyDanny Kaye † 1987
Lemnitzer, LymanLyman Lemnitzer 1987
McCone, John A.John A. McCone 1987
Patterson, FrederickFrederick Patterson 1987
Rostropovich, MstislavMstislav Rostropovich 1987
Walsh, William B.William B. Walsh 1987
Weinberger, CasparCaspar Weinberger 1987 Presidential Medal of Freedom with Distinction [3]
Willson, MeredithMeredith Willson † 1987
Bailey, PearlPearl Bailey 1988
Baldrige Jr., MalcolmMalcolm Baldrige Jr. † 1988
Brown, IrvingIrving Brown 1988
Burger, Warren E.Warren E. Burger 1988
Carington, PeterPeter Carington 1988
DeBartolo, EdwardEdward DeBartolo 1988
Friedman, MiltonMilton Friedman 1988
MacArthur, JeanJean MacArthur 1988
Marriott, J. WillardJ. Willard Marriott † 1988
Packard, DavidDavid Packard 1988
Stevens, Roger L.Roger L. Stevens 1988

Utdelade av George H. W. Bush Redigera

 
Margaret Thatcher mottog Frihetsmedaljen från president George H.W. Bush 1991.
 
Pratshowvärden Johnny Carson erhöll frihetsmedaljen, 10 december 1992.
 
President Bush gav frihetsmedaljen till sin företrädare i ämbetet, 13 januari 1993.

George H. W. Bush delade ut 42 medaljer mellan 1989 och 1993.

Mottagare År Notering Ref.
Ball, LucilleLucille Ball † 1989
Dillon, C. DouglasC. Douglas Dillon 1989
Doolittle, JimmyJimmy Doolittle 1989
Kennan, George F.George F. Kennan 1989
Mansfield, MikeMike Mansfield 1989
Pepper, ClaudeClaude Pepper 1989
Shultz, GeorgeGeorge Shultz 1989
Smith, Margaret ChaseMargaret Chase Smith 1989
Wałęsa, LechLech Wałęsa 1989
Hancock, WalkerWalker Hancock 1990 [35]
Baker, JamesJames Baker 1991
Buckley Jr., William F.William F. Buckley Jr. 1991
Cheney, DickDick Cheney 1991 [36]
Ferré, Luis A.Luis A. Ferré 1991
Ford, BettyBetty Ford 1991 [37]
Gray, Hanna HolbornHanna Holborn Gray 1991
Hayek, FriedrichFriedrich Hayek 1991
O'Neill, TipTip O'Neill 1991
Powell, ColinColin Powell 1991
Pérez de Cuéllar, JavierJavier Pérez de Cuéllar 1991
Schwarzkopf Jr., NormanNorman Schwarzkopf Jr. 1991
Scowcroft, BrentBrent Scowcroft 1991
Sullivan, LeonLeon Sullivan 1991
Thatcher, MargaretMargaret Thatcher 1991
Train, Russell E.Russell E. Train 1991
Walters, Vernon A.Vernon A. Walters 1991
Webster, WilliamWilliam Webster 1991
Williams, TedTed Williams 1991
Brinkley, DavidDavid Brinkley 1992
Carson, JohnnyJohnny Carson 1992
Fitzgerald, EllaElla Fitzgerald 1992
Hepburn, AudreyAudrey Hepburn 1992
Petty, RichardRichard Petty 1992
Shlaudeman, Harry W.Harry W. Shlaudeman 1992
Stern, IsaacIsaac Stern 1992
Vessey, John W.John W. Vessey 1992
Walton, SamSam Walton 1992
Wiesel, ElieElie Wiesel 1992
Pei, I. M.I. M. Pei 1993 [38]
Reagan, RonaldRonald Reagan 1993 Presidential Medal of Freedom with Distinction [39][3]
Thurmond, StromStrom Thurmond 1993

Utdelade av Bill Clinton Redigera

 
Rosa Parks erhöll frihetsmedaljen i ovala rummet, 13 september 1996.
 
Både Jimmy Carter och hustrun Rosalynn tilldelades varsin frihetsmedaj av Bill Clinton, 9 augusti 1999.

Bill Clinton delade ut 110 medaljer mellan 1993 och 2001.

Mottagare År Notering Ref.
Ashe, ArthurArthur Ashe † 1993
Brennan Jr., William J.William J. Brennan Jr. 1993
Douglas, Marjory StonemanMarjory Stoneman Douglas 1993
Fulbright, J. WilliamJ. William Fulbright 1993
Marshall, ThurgoodThurgood Marshall † 1993
Powell, ColinColin Powell 1993 Presidential Medal of Freedom with Distinction [40][3]
Rauh Jr., Joseph L.Joseph L. Rauh Jr. † 1993
Raye, MarthaMartha Raye 1993 [41]
Wisdom, John MinorJohn Minor Wisdom 1993
Block, Herbert L.Herbert L. Block 1994
Chavez, CesarCesar Chavez † 1994
Flemming, Arthur SherwoodArthur Sherwood Flemming 1994
Grant, James P.James P. Grant 1994
Height, DorothyDorothy Height 1994
Jordan, BarbaraBarbara Jordan 1994
Kirkland, LaneLane Kirkland 1994
Michel, Robert H.Robert H. Michel 1994
Shriver, SargentSargent Shriver 1994
Charren, PeggyPeggy Charren 1995 [41]
Coleman Jr., William T.William T. Coleman Jr. 1995
Franklin, John HopeJohn Hope Franklin 1995
Ganz Cooney, JoanJoan Ganz Cooney 1995 [41]
Higginbotham Jr., A. LeonA. Leon Higginbotham Jr. 1995
Johnson, Frank MinisFrank Minis Johnson 1995
Koop, C. EverettC. Everett Koop 1995
Nelson, GaylordGaylord Nelson 1995
Reuther, WalterWalter Reuther † 1995
Rouse, JamesJames Rouse 1995
Velasquez, WillieWillie Velasquez † 1995
Wasserman, LewLew Wasserman 1995 [41]
Bernardin, JosephJoseph Bernardin 1996
Brady, JamesJames Brady 1996
Fuller, MillardMillard Fuller 1996
Hamburg, David A.David A. Hamburg 1996
Johnson, John H.John H. Johnson 1996
Lang, EugeneEugene Lang 1996
Nowak-Jeziorański, JanJan Nowak-Jeziorański 1996
Pantoja, AntoniaAntonia Pantoja 1996
Parks, RosaRosa Parks 1996
Sagan, GinettaGinetta Sagan 1996
Udall, MoMo Udall 1996
Dole, BobBob Dole 1997
Perry, WilliamWilliam Perry 1997
Shalikashvili, JohnJohn Shalikashvili 1997
Aronson, ArnoldArnold Aronson 1998
Astor, BrookeBrooke Astor 1998
Coles, RobertRobert Coles 1998
Dart Jr., JustinJustin Dart Jr. 1998
Farmer, JamesJames Farmer 1998
Fascell, DanteDante Fascell 1998
Fisher, ZacharyZachary Fisher 1998
Hesselbein, FrancesFrances Hesselbein 1998
Korematsu, FredFred Korematsu 1998
Linowitz, SolSol Linowitz 1998
Mankiller, WilmaWilma Mankiller 1998 [42]
Murie, MargaretMargaret Murie 1998
Obledo, Mario G.Mario G. Obledo 1998
Richardson, ElliotElliot Richardson 1998
Rockefeller, DavidDavid Rockefeller 1998
Shanker, AlbertAlbert Shanker † 1998
Zumwalt, ElmoElmo Zumwalt 1998
Bentsen, LloydLloyd Bentsen 1999
Bronfman Sr., EdgarEdgar Bronfman Sr. 1999
Carter, JimmyJimmy Carter 1999 [41]
Carter, RosalynnRosalynn Carter 1999 [41]
Dubrow, EvelynEvelyn Dubrow 1999
Ferré, IsolinaIsolina Ferré 1999 [41]
Ford, GeraldGerald Ford 1999 [41]
Hill, OliverOliver Hill 1999
Kampelman, MaxMax Kampelman 1999
Kohl, HelmutHelmut Kohl 1999
Mitchell, George J.George J. Mitchell 1999
Wayburn, EdgarEdgar Wayburn 1999
Burke, James E.James E. Burke 2000
Chafee, JohnJohn Chafee † 2000
Clark, WesleyWesley Clark 2000
Crowe, William J.William J. Crowe 2000
Edelman, Marian WrightMarian Wright Edelman 2000 [43]
Galbraith, John KennethJohn Kenneth Galbraith 2000
Higgins, George G.George G. Higgins 2000
Jackson, JesseJesse Jackson 2000
Jeffrey, MildredMildred Jeffrey 2000
Krim, MathildeMathilde Krim 2000
McGovern, GeorgeGeorge McGovern 2000
Moynihan, Daniel PatrickDaniel Patrick Moynihan 2000
Reynoso, CruzCruz Reynoso 2000
Suu Kyi, Aung SanAung San Suu Kyi 2000
Taylor, Gardner C.Gardner C. Taylor 2000 [41]
Wiesenthal, SimonSimon Wiesenthal 2000

Utdelade av George W. Bush Redigera

 
Basebollspelaren Hank Aaron var bland de första att erhålla medaljen under George W. Bushs presidentskap, 9 juli 2002.
 
Tjeckiens tidigare president Vaclav Havel erhöll frihetsmedaljen från president Bush, 23 juli 2003.
 
George W. Bush tilldelade påven Johannes Paulus II frihetsmedaljen vid en audiens i Vatikanen, 4 juni 2004.
 
Storbritanniens tidigare premiärminister Tony Blair gavs frihetsmedaljen av George W. Bush, 13 januari 2009.

George W. Bush delade ut 85 medaljer mellan 2001 och 2009.

Mottagare År Notering Ref.
Aaron, HankHank Aaron 2002
Cosby, BillBill Cosby 2002 [41]
Domingo, PlácidoPlácido Domingo 2002
Drucker, PeterPeter Drucker 2002
Graham, KatharineKatharine Graham † 2002
Henderson, DonaldDonald Henderson 2002
Kristol, IrvingIrving Kristol 2002
Mandela, NelsonNelson Mandela 2002
Moore, GordonGordon Moore 2002 [44]
Reagan, NancyNancy Reagan 2002 [41]
Rogers, FredFred Rogers 2002 [41]
Rosenthal, A. M.A. M. Rosenthal 2002
Bartley, RobertRobert Bartley 2003
Barzun, JacquesJacques Barzun 2003
Child, JuliaJulia Child 2003
Clemente, RobertoRoberto Clemente † 2003
Cliburn, VanVan Cliburn 2003
Havel, VáclavVáclav Havel 2003
Heston, CharltonCharlton Heston 2003 [41]
Robertson, GeorgeGeorge Robertson 2003
Teller, EdwardEdward Teller 2003
Thomas, DaveDave Thomas † 2003
White, ByronByron White † 2003 [45]
Wilson, James Q.James Q. Wilson 2003
Wooden, JohnJohn Wooden 2003
Bremer, PaulPaul Bremer 2004
Brooke, EdwardEdward Brooke 2004
Day, DorisDoris Day 2004 [41]
Franks, TommyTommy Franks 2004
Gregorian, VartanVartan Gregorian 2004
Hinckley, Gordon B.Gordon B. Hinckley 2004 [41]
Johannes Paulus II, Johannes Paulus II 2004 Presidential Medal of Freedom with Distinction [41][3]
Lauder, EstéeEstée Lauder 2004
Melville Grosvenor, GilbertGilbert Melville Grosvenor 2004
Moreno, RitaRita Moreno 2004 [41]
Palmer, ArnoldArnold Palmer 2004
Patz, ArnallArnall Patz 2004
Podhoretz, NormanNorman Podhoretz 2004
Tenet, GeorgeGeorge Tenet 2004
Wriston, WalterWalter Wriston 2004
Ali, MuhammadMuhammad Ali 2005
Burnett, CarolCarol Burnett 2005 [41]
Cerf, VintVint Cerf 2005 [46]
Conquest, RobertRobert Conquest 2005
Franklin, ArethaAretha Franklin 2005
Greenspan, AlanAlan Greenspan 2005
Griffith, AndyAndy Griffith 2005 [41]
Harvey, PaulPaul Harvey 2005 [41]
Kahn, BobBob Kahn 2005 [47]
Montgomery, SonnySonny Montgomery 2005
Myers, RichardRichard Myers 2005
Nicklaus, JackJack Nicklaus 2005
Robinson, FrankFrank Robinson 2005
Rusesabagina, PaulPaul Rusesabagina 2005
Colvin, Ruth JohnsonRuth Johnson Colvin 2006 [48]
Francis, NormanNorman Francis 2006 [48]
Johnson, PaulPaul Johnson 2006 [48]
King, B.B.B.B. King 2006 [48]
Lederberg, JoshuaJoshua Lederberg 2006 [48]
McCullough, DavidDavid McCullough 2006 [48]
Mineta, NormanNorman Mineta 2006 [48]
O'Neil, BuckBuck O'Neil † 2006 [48]
Safire, WilliamWilliam Safire 2006 [48]
Sharansky, NatanNatan Sharansky 2006 [48]
Becker, GaryGary Becker 2007
Biscet, Óscar ElíasÓscar Elías Biscet 2007
Collins, FrancisFrancis Collins 2007
Hooks, BenjaminBenjamin Hooks 2007
Hyde, HenryHenry Hyde 2007
Lamb, BrianBrian Lamb 2007 [41]
Lee, HarperHarper Lee 2007
Sirleaf, Ellen JohnsonEllen Johnson Sirleaf 2007
Carson, BenBen Carson 2008 [49]
Fauci, AnthonyAnthony Fauci 2008 [49]
Lantos, TomTom Lantos 2008 [49]
Pace, PeterPeter Pace 2008 [49]
Shalala, DonnaDonna Shalala 2008 [49]
Silberman, LaurenceLaurence Silberman 2008 [49]
Blair, TonyTony Blair 2009 [50]
Crocker, RyanRyan Crocker 2009 [51]
Howard, JohnJohn Howard 2009
Uribe, ÁlvaroÁlvaro Uribe 2009

Utdelade av Barack Obama Redigera

 
Skådespelaren Sidney Poitier erhöll Presidentens Frihetsmedalj 2009 av president Barack Obama.
 
Politikern och aktivisten John Lewis, 15 februari 2010.
 
Tysklands förbundskansler Angela Merkel fick frihetsmedaljen i från president Obama samband med ett officiellt besök i Vita huset.
 
USA:s försvarsminister Robert Gates erhöll frihetsmedaljen under avtackningsceremonin utanför Pentagon, 30 juni 2011.
 
Bob Dylan, 29 maj 2012.
 
Barck Obama utdelade frihetsmedlajen till Meryl Streep, 24 november 2014.
 
Tom Hanks fick frihetsmedaljen, 22 november 2016.
 
USA:s vicepresident Joe Biden blev den siste som Obama tilldelande frhetsmedaljen under sina två mandatperioder som president.

Barack Obama delade ut 118 medaljer mellan 2009 och 2017.

Mottagare År Notering Ref.
Brinker, NancyNancy Brinker 2009 [52]
Crow, Joe MedicineJoe Medicine Crow 2009 [53]
Greer, Pedro JoséPedro José Greer 2009 [53]
Hawking, StephenStephen Hawking 2009 [53]
Kemp, JackJack Kemp † 2009 [53]
Kennedy, TedTed Kennedy 2009 [53]
King, Billie JeanBillie Jean King 2009 [53]
Lowery, JosephJoseph Lowery 2009 [53]
Milk, HarveyHarvey Milk † 2009 [53]
O'Connor, Sandra DaySandra Day O'Connor 2009 [54]
Poitier, SidneySidney Poitier 2009 [41]
Rivera, ChitaChita Rivera 2009 [53]
Robinson, MaryMary Robinson 2009 [53]
Rowley, JanetJanet Rowley 2009 [53]
Tutu, DesmondDesmond Tutu 2009 [53]
Yunus, MuhammadMuhammad Yunus 2009
Adams, John H.John H. Adams 2011 [55]
Angelou, MayaMaya Angelou 2011 [55]
Buffett, WarrenWarren Buffett 2011 [55]
Bush, George H. W.George H. W. Bush 2011 [55]
Gates, RobertRobert Gates 2011
Johns, JasperJasper Johns 2011 [55]
Lewis, JohnJohn Lewis 2011 [55]
Little, TomTom Little † 2011 [55]
Ma, Yo-YoYo-Yo Ma 2011 [55]
Mendez, SylviaSylvia Mendez 2011 [55]
Merkel, AngelaAngela Merkel 2011 [55]
Musial, StanStan Musial 2011 [55]
Russell, BillBill Russell 2011 [55]
Smith, Jean KennedyJean Kennedy Smith 2011 [55]
Sweeney, John J.John J. Sweeney 2011 [55]
Weissmann Klein, GerdaGerda Weissmann Klein 2011 [55]
Albright, MadeleineMadeleine Albright 2012 [56]
Dylan, BobBob Dylan 2012 [56]
Foege, WilliamWilliam Foege 2012 [56]
Glenn, JohnJohn Glenn 2012 [56]
Gordon Low, JulietteJuliette Gordon Low † 2012 [56]
Hirabayashi, GordonGordon Hirabayashi † 2012 [56]
Huerta, DoloresDolores Huerta 2012 [56]
Karski, JanJan Karski † 2012 [56]
Morrison, ToniToni Morrison 2012 [56]
Peres, ShimonShimon Peres 2012 [56]
Stevens, John PaulJohn Paul Stevens 2012 [56]
Summitt, PatPat Summitt 2012 [56]
Wald, PatriciaPatricia Wald 2012 [56]
Banks, ErnieErnie Banks 2013 [57]
Bradlee, BenBen Bradlee 2013 [57]
Clinton, BillBill Clinton 2013 [57]
Doar, JohnJohn Doar 2013 [57]
Inouye, DanielDaniel Inouye † 2013 [57]
Kahneman, DanielDaniel Kahneman 2013 [57]
Lugar, RichardRichard Lugar 2013 [57]
Lynn, LorettaLoretta Lynn 2013 [57]
Molina, Mario J.Mario J. Molina 2013 [57]
Ride, SallySally Ride † 2013 [58]
Rustin, BayardBayard Rustin † 2013 [57]
Sandoval, ArturoArturo Sandoval 2013 [57]
Smith, DeanDean Smith 2013 [57]
Steinem, GloriaGloria Steinem 2013 [57]
Vivian, C. T.C. T. Vivian 2013 [57]
Winfrey, OprahOprah Winfrey 2013 [57]
Ailey, AlvinAlvin Ailey † 2014 [59]
Allende, IsabelIsabel Allende 2014 [59]
Brokaw, TomTom Brokaw 2014 [59]
Chaney, JamesJames Chaney † 2014 [59]
Dingell, JohnJohn Dingell 2014
Dresselhaus, MildredMildred Dresselhaus 2014
Goodman, AndrewAndrew Goodman † 2014 [59]
Kennedy, EthelEthel Kennedy 2014 [59]
Mikva, AbnerAbner Mikva 2014
Mink, PatsyPatsy Mink 2014
Roybal, EdwardEdward Roybal † 2014
Schwerner, MichaelMichael Schwerner † 2014 [59]
Shown Harjo, SuzanSuzan Shown Harjo 2014 [59]
Sifford, CharlieCharlie Sifford 2014 [59]
Solow, RobertRobert Solow 2014 [59]
Streep, MerylMeryl Streep 2014 [59]
Thomas, MarloMarlo Thomas 2014 [59]
Wonder, StevieStevie Wonder 2014 [59]
Berra, YogiYogi Berra † 2015 [60]
Carroll, BonnieBonnie Carroll 2015 [60]
Chisholm, ShirleyShirley Chisholm † 2015 [60]
Estefan, EmilioEmilio Estefan 2015 [60]
Estefan, GloriaGloria Estefan 2015 [60]
Frank Jr., BillyBilly Frank Jr. † 2015 [60]
Hamilton, Lee H.Lee H. Hamilton 2015 [60]
Johnson, KatherineKatherine Johnson 2015 [60]
Mays, WillieWillie Mays 2015 [60]
Mikulski, BarbaraBarbara Mikulski 2015 [60]
Perlman, ItzhakItzhak Perlman 2015 [60]
Ruckelshaus, WilliamWilliam Ruckelshaus 2015 [60]
Sondheim, StephenStephen Sondheim 2015 [60]
Spielberg, StevenSteven Spielberg 2015 [60]
Streisand, BarbraBarbra Streisand 2015 [60]
Taylor, JamesJames Taylor 2015 [60]
Yasui, MinoruMinoru Yasui † 2015 [60]
Abdul-Jabbar, KareemKareem Abdul-Jabbar 2016 [61]
Cobell, Elouise P.Elouise P. Cobell † 2016 [61]
De Niro, RobertRobert De Niro 2016 [61]
DeGeneres, EllenEllen DeGeneres 2016 [61]
Garwin, RichardRichard Garwin 2016 [61]
Gates, BillBill Gates 2016 [61]
Gates, MelindaMelinda Gates 2016 [61]
Gehry, FrankFrank Gehry 2016 [61]
Hamilton, MargaretMargaret Hamilton 2016 [61]
Hanks, TomTom Hanks 2016 [61]
Hopper, GraceGrace Hopper † 2016 [61]
Jordan, MichaelMichael Jordan 2016 [61]
Lin, MayaMaya Lin 2016 [61]
Michaels, LorneLorne Michaels 2016 [61]
Minow, Newton N.Newton N. Minow 2016 [61]
Padrón, Eduardo J.Eduardo J. Padrón 2016 [61]
Redford, RobertRobert Redford 2016 [61]
Ross, DianaDiana Ross 2016 [61]
Scully, VinVin Scully 2016 [61]
Springsteen, BruceBruce Springsteen 2016 [61]
Tyson, CicelyCicely Tyson 2016 [61]
Biden, JoeJoe Biden 2017 Presidential Medal of Freedom with Distinction [62][63][3]

Utdelade av Donald Trump Redigera

 
Tiger Woods tog emot frihetsmedaljen från Donald Trump, 6 maj 2019.
 
Radioprataren Rush Limbaugh fick frihetsmedaljen på representanthusets åhörarläktare under presidents Trumps State of the Union, 4 februari 2020.

Donald Trump delade ut 23 medaljer mellan 2017 och 2021.

Mottagare År Notering Ref.
Adelson, MiriamMiriam Adelson 2018 [64]
Hatch, OrrinOrrin Hatch 2018 [64]
Page, AlanAlan Page 2018 [64]
Presley, ElvisElvis Presley † 2018 [64]
Ruth, BabeBabe Ruth † 2018 [64]
Scalia, AntoninAntonin Scalia † 2018 [64]
Staubach, RogerRoger Staubach 2018 [64]
Cousy, BobBob Cousy 2019 [65]
Laffer, ArthurArthur Laffer 2019 [66]
Meese, EdwinEdwin Meese 2019 [67]
Penske, RogerRoger Penske 2019 [68]
Rivera, MarianoMariano Rivera 2019 [69]
West, JerryJerry West 2019 [70]
Woods, TigerTiger Woods 2019 [71]
Gable, DanDan Gable 2020 [72]
Holtz, LouLou Holtz 2020 [73]
Keane, JackJack Keane 2020 [74]
Limbaugh, RushRush Limbaugh 2020 [75]
Ryun, JimJim Ryun 2020 [76]
Didrikson Zaharias, BabeBabe Didrikson Zaharias † 2021 [77]
Nunes, DevinDevin Nunes 2021 [78]
Player, GaryGary Player 2021 [77]
Sörenstam, AnnikaAnnika Sörenstam[a] 2021 [77]

Utdelade av Joe Biden Redigera

Mottagare År Notering Ref.

Noteringar Redigera

  1. ^ Annika Sörenstam är hittills den enda svensken som tilldelats medaljen.

Se även Redigera

Referenser Redigera

Noter Redigera

  1. ^ [a b] ”President Kennedy's Executive Order 11085: Presidential Medal of Freedom” (på engelska). John F. Kennedy Presidential Library & Museum. 22 februari 1963. https://www.jfklibrary.org/learn/about-jfk/life-of-john-f-kennedy/fast-facts-john-f-kennedy/presidential-medal-of-freedom. Läst 13 september 2017. 
  2. ^ ”Executive Order 9586—The Medal of Freedom” (på engelska). The American Presidency Project. University of California. https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/executive-order-9586-the-medal-freedom. Läst 13 september 2017. 
  3. ^ [a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z] Dicker, Rachel (18 januari 2017). ”These Are the Known Recipients of the Presidential Medal of Freedom With Distinction” (på engelska). www.usnews.com. U.S. News & World Report. https://www.usnews.com/news/slideshows/these-are-the-known-recipients-of-the-presidential-medal-of-freedom-with-distinction. Läst 8 februari 2022. 
  4. ^ ”Heroes of the Presidential Medal of Freedom” (på engelska) (  PDF). The National First Ladies Library. 16 november 2010. sid. 3. Arkiverad från originalet den 5 augusti 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190805203200/http://www.firstladies.org/documents/Medal_freedom.pdf. Läst 11 februari 2011. ”Marian Anderson (1897–1993)...Presidential Medal of Freedom received December 6, 1963” 
  5. ^ [a b c d e f g h i] Woolley, John T; Peters, Gerhard. ”Remarks With Under Secretary of State George W. Ball at the Presentation of the Medal of Freedom Awards, December 6, 1963” (på engelska). The American Presidency Project. University of California, Santa Barbara. https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/remarks-with-under-secretary-state-george-w-ball-the-presentation-the-medal-freedom-awards. Läst 2 december 2020. 
  6. ^ ”Distinguished Cellists in the White House” (på engelska). whitehousehistory.org. https://www.whitehousehistory.org/distinguished-cellists-in-the-white-house. Läst 20 mars 2020. 
  7. ^ ”Clarence B. Randall, 76, Dies” (på engelska). Chicago Tribune. 6 augusti 1967. https://chicagotribune.newspapers.com/image/376583184/?terms=Clarence%20B.%20Randall%2076%20Dies&match=1. Läst 13 januari 2017.   [inloggning kan krävas]
  8. ^ ”Heroes of the Presidential Medal of Freedom” (på engelska) (  PDF). The National First Ladies Library. 16 november 2010. sid. 3. Arkiverad från originalet den 5 augusti 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190805203200/http://www.firstladies.org/documents/Medal_freedom.pdf. Läst 11 februari 2011. ”Annie Wauneka (1910–1997)...Presidential Medal of Freedom received December 6, 1963” 
  9. ^ [a b c] Woolley, John T; Peters, Gerhard. ”Lyndon B. Johnson, XXXVI President of the United States: 1963–1969, Remarks at the Presentation of the 1964 Presidential Medal of Freedom Awards, March 26, 1964” (på engelska). The American Presidency Project. University of California, Santa Barbara. https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/remarks-the-presentation-the-1964-presidential-medal-freedom-awards. Läst 22 maj 2011. 
  10. ^ ”30 Receive Freedom Medal at the White House” (på engelska). The New York Times. 30 augusti 1998. https://www.nytimes.com/books/98/08/30/specials/keller-medal.html. Läst 21 november 2017. 
  11. ^ ”Presidential Medal of Freedom, 1968, James Webb” (på engelska). Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum. 14 mars 2016. https://airandspace.si.edu/collection-objects/presidential-medal-freedom-1968-james-webb/nasm_A19840190000. 
  12. ^ ”Bob Hope and American Variety” (på engelska). Library of Congress. 10 maj 2000. https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/bobhope/pubserv.html. Läst 21 november 2017. 
  13. ^ [a b] Judy Muhlberg (14 juni 1976). ”Medal of Freedom” (på engelska) (  PDF). Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library & Museum. sid. 43. https://www.fordlibrarymuseum.gov/library/document/0067/7773889.pdf. Läst 11 maj 2020. 
  14. ^ [a b] ”Richard Nixon: Remarks at a Dinner in Los Angeles Honoring the Apollo 11 Astronauts” (på engelska). The American Presidency Project. University of California, Santa Barbara. 13 augusti 1969. https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/remarks-dinner-los-angeles-honoring-the-apollo-11-astronauts. Läst 20 november 2018. 
  15. ^ [a b c d e f g] Nixon, Richard (22 april 1970). ”Remarks on Presenting the Presidential Medal of Freedom to Eight Journalists” (på engelska). The American Presidency Project. University of California, Santa Barbara. https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/remarks-presenting-the-presidential-medal-freedom-eight-journalists. Läst 25 december 2011. 
  16. ^ [a b c] Associated Press (19 april 1970). ”3 Astronauts get Heroes' Welcome to Hawaii” (på engelska). Newspapers.com. The Philadelphia Enquirer. sid. 14. https://www.newspapers.com/clip/33112752/the_philadelphia_inquirer/. 
  17. ^ Nixon, Richard (18 april 1970). ”Remarks on Presenting the Presidential Medal of Freedom to Apollo 13 Mission Operations Team in Houston” (på engelska). The American Presidency Project. University of California, Santa Barbara. https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/remarks-presenting-the-presidential-medal-freedom-apollo-13-mission-operations-team. 
  18. ^ M, Nixon, Richard (1 januari 1975) (på engelska). Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: Richard M. Nixon, 1974. Best Books on. ISBN 978-1-62376-923-9. https://books.google.com/books?id=ocHcAwAAQBAJ&q=%22Charles+LeRoy+Lowman%22+medal+of+freedom&pg=PA615 
  19. ^ [a b c d e f g h] Woolley, John T; Peters, Gerhard (10 januari 1977). ”Gerald R. Ford, 38th President of the United States: 1974 ‐ 1977, Remarks Upon Presenting the Presidential Medal of Freedom” (på engelska). The American Presidency Project. University of California, Santa Barbara. https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/remarks-upon-presenting-the-presidential-medal-freedom. Läst 29 mars 2020. 
  20. ^ Koren, Marina (29 september 2016). ”White House Finally Honors the African-American Athletes of the 1936 Olympics” (på engelska). The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/news/archive/2016/09/white-house-olympics-berlin/502325/. 
  21. ^ [a b c d e f g h i j] Nordlinger, Jay (17 december 2007). ”A Tasty Presidential Perk - Medals of Freedom” (på engelska). National Review. http://www.nationalreview.com/article/443562/medals-freedom. Läst 14 oktober 2019. 
  22. ^ ”Lady Bird Johnson Biography” (på engelska). LBJ Presidential Library. Arkiverad från p originalet den 7 juni 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110607103633/http://www.lbjlib.utexas.edu/johnson/archives.hom/biographys.hom/ladybird_bio.asp. Läst 5 januari 2011. 
  23. ^ ”Heroes of the Presidential Medal of Freedom” (på engelska) (  PDF). The National First Ladies Library. 16 november 2010. sid. 3. Arkiverad från originalet den 5 augusti 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190805203200/http://www.firstladies.org/documents/Medal_freedom.pdf. Läst 11 februari 2011. ”Georgia O'Keeffe (1887–1986)...Presidential Medal of Freedom received January 10, 1977” 
  24. ^ ”Heroes of the Presidential Medal of Freedom” (på engelska) (  PDF). The National First Ladies Library. 16 november 2010. sid. 3. Arkiverad från originalet den 5 augusti 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190805203200/http://www.firstladies.org/documents/Medal_freedom.pdf. Läst 11 februari 2011. ”Dr. Margaret Mead (1901–1978)...Presidential Medal of Freedom received January 19, 1979” 
  25. ^ [a b c d e f g h i j k l m n] Woolley, John T; Peters, Gerhard (9 juni 1980). ”Jimmy Carter, XXXIX President of the United States: 1977–1981, Presidential Medal of Freedom Remarks at the Presentation Ceremony, June 9, 1980” (på engelska). The American Presidency Project. University of California, Santa Barbara. https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/presidential-medal-freedom-remarks-the-presentation-ceremony. Läst 2 december 2020. 
  26. ^ ”About Horace M. Albright” (på engelska). UC Berkeley Rausser College of Natural Resources. https://nature.berkeley.edu/albright/lecture-archive. Läst 2 december 2020. 
  27. ^ [a b c d e f g h i j k] Woolley, John T; Peters, Gerhard (16 januari 1981). ”Jimmy Carter: Presidential Medal of Freedom Remarks at the Presentation Ceremony, January 16, 1981.” (på engelska). The American Presidency Project. University of California, Santa Barbara. https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/presidential-medal-freedom-remarks-the-presentation-ceremony-0. Läst 2 december 2020. 
  28. ^ Woolley, John T; Peters, Gerhard (23 februari 1983). ”Ronald Reagan: Remarks at the Presentation Ceremony for the Presidential Medal of Freedom” (på engelska). The American Presidency Project. University of California, Santa Barbara. https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/remarks-upon-presenting-the-presidential-medal-freedom-martha-graham. Läst 21 november 2017. 
  29. ^ ”Frank Gehry and Maya Lin Awarded Obama's Presidential Medal of Freedom” (på engelska). ArchDaily. 17 november 2016. https://www.archdaily.com/799643/frank-gehry-and-maya-lin-awarded-obamas-presidential-medal-of-freedom. Läst 21 november 2017. 
  30. ^ [a b c d e f g h i j] Woolley, John T; Peters, Gerhard. ”Ronald Reagan, XL President of the United States: 1981–1989, Remarks at the Presentation Ceremony for the Presidential Medal of Freedom, March 26, 1984” (på engelska). The American Presidency Project. University of California, Santa Barbara. https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/remarks-the-presentation-ceremony-for-the-presidential-medal-freedom-1. Läst 11 februari 2011. 
  31. ^ ”White House Freedom Medal Set for Whittaker Chambers” (på engelska). New York Times. 22 februari 1984. https://www.nytimes.com/1984/02/22/us/white-house-freedom-medal-set-for-whittaker-chambers.html. Läst 16 januari 2011. 
  32. ^ Sterling, Dorothy (9 mars 1984). ”Whittaker Chambers: Odd Choice for the Medal of Freedom” (på engelska). New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/books/97/03/09/reviews/chambers-letter.html. Läst 16 januari 2011. 
  33. ^ ”Ronald Reagan - 40th President of the United States: 1981 ‐ 1989 Announcement of the Recipients of the Presidential Medal of Freedom” (på engelska). The American Presidency Project. University of California, Santa Barbara. https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/announcement-the-recipients-the-presidential-medal-freedom. Läst 3 augusti 2021. 
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  38. ^ ”Curriculum Vitae of I. M. Pei” (på engelska). Pei Cobb Freed & Partners. http://www.pcfandp.com/a/f/fme/imp/c/c.html. Läst 20 juli 2009. 
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  40. ^ Clinton, W. J. (30 september 1993). ”Remarks on the Retirement of General Colin Powell in Arlington, Virginia” (på engelska). The American Presidency Project. University of California, Santa Barbara. https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/remarks-the-retirement-general-colin-powell-arlington-virginia. Läst 18 september 2016. 
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  50. ^ Mayer, Catherine (13 januari 2009). ”A Presidential Medal for Tony Blair” (på engelska). Time. Arkiverad från originalet den 17 februari 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110217141910/https://time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1871300,00.html. Läst 9 februari 2011. 
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